David Hilbert (23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and one of the most influential mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory…
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist renowned for his theory of evolution by natural selection. His seminal work, “On the Origin of Species” (1859), proposed that species evolve over time through the process of natural selection, where advantageous traits are favored for survival and reproduction. Darwin’s theory, developed through extensive research and observations during…
Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the results of his experiments…
Albert Einstein (German:14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a central figure in the…
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) was a German physicist who discovered X-rays in 1895, leading to a revolution in medical imaging and earning him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. While experimenting with cathode rays, he noticed a fluorescent glow produced by a screen placed at a distance from his apparatus. Further investigation revealed…
Robert Hooke (1635–1703) was an English scientist renowned for his contributions to various fields, including microscopy, physics, astronomy, and architecture. He achieved prominence through his seminal work “Micrographia” (1665), where he presented detailed observations of microorganisms and coined the term “cell” to describe biological structures. Hooke’s Law, formulated by him, describes the relationship between the…
Robert Boyle (1627–1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and chemist, considered one of the founders of modern chemistry. His seminal work, “The Sceptical Chymist” (1661), revolutionized chemistry by challenging the traditional Aristotelian view of the four elements and introducing the concept of chemical elements and compounds. Boyle’s Law, formulated in 1662, describes the relationship between…
Otto Hahn (1879–1968) was a German chemist renowned for his pioneering work in nuclear chemistry, particularly his role in the discovery of nuclear fission. Collaborating with physicist Lise Meitner, Hahn conducted experiments that led to the splitting of the uranium atom, a breakthrough with profound implications for both scientific understanding and practical applications in nuclear…
Lise Meitner (1878–1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who played a pivotal role in the discovery of nuclear fission. Collaborating with Otto Hahn, she provided critical insights that led to the understanding of this groundbreaking phenomenon, which laid the foundation for both nuclear energy and atomic weapons. Despite her significant contributions, she was unjustly overlooked for…
Georg Simon Ohm (1789–1854) was a German physicist and mathematician renowned for formulating Ohm’s Law in 1827. This fundamental principle in electrical engineering states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (I = V/R). Initially met with skepticism, Ohm’s Law…
